English as official language of the United States Essay

â€Å"News from 2000 Census is that 49 percent of Hispanics in America are not fluent in English. They are the fastest growing minority in the United States, representing 12. 5 percent of the population. The legal picture for Hispanics is also astonishing. EEOC complaints have more. than doubled in 5 years, and settlements have risen to over $50 million. † (Harrop, 2001) The inhabitants of the United States have never had any official language. Over 6 % of primary school children in the United States were instructed in German until the World War I. Over 45 million American nationals still state that their forefathers spoke German. Large scale immigration in the 20th century led to the inhabitance of multilingual people inside the US. Therefore, around 336 different languages are presently spoken which comprise of 176 endemic dialects. More than 47 million American nationals use a language other than English within their homes including 30 million Spanish speakers. Since a significant number of US nationals feel comfortable while speaking a language other than English, the federal government should not make English the official language of the United States. The US Senate voted to select English the official language and prohibited the use of other languages for federal government orders and services. â€Å"The 63-34 vote, on an amendment offered by the Oklahoma Republican James Inhofe, split the Senate along largely party lines, with only nine of the 44 Democrats voting for it, and just one Republican voting against. † (Cornwell, 2006) Democratic minority leader Harry Reid identified this amendment as â€Å"racist† whereas Ken Salazar, a Colorado Democrat of Hispanic origin, described it as â€Å"divisive and anti-American†. (Cornwell, 2006) Such a law neglects any provisions for services in languages other than English. This would be a problematic situation for those Americans who cannot speak English fluently. This would also force new immigrants to have considerable knowledge of English language before they get US nationality. It is surprising to note that English language voted out German by a difference of just one vote when it was selected as the official language of the US by Congressmen in the year 1795. (Cornwell, 2006) â€Å"Enacted at the apex of the Great Society, the Bilingual Education Act was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Johnson without a single voice raised in dissent. Americans have spent the past 30 years debating what it was meant to accomplish. Was this 1968 law intended primarily to assimilate limited-English-proficient (LEP) children more efficiently? To teach them English as rapidly as possible? To encourage bilingualism and biliteracy? To remedy academic underachievement and high dropout rates? To raise the self-esteem of minority students? To promote social equality? Or to pursue all of these goals simultaneously? The legislative history of the bill provides no definitive answer. † (Crawford, 50) English Only Movement The English Only Movement (EOM), a movement initiated in the 1980s, is a sequel of the procedure of domestic colonialism. This will also lead to the demolition of the other languages which are spoken by minorities. In the year 1979, a Report by Carnegie Corporation pointed out that â€Å"bilingual education was the preeminent civil rights issue within Hispanic communities. † (Penna, Shepherd, pg. 147) Bilingual education also became a key issue creating distress in the Mexican community inside the United States according to different researches carried out by the U. S. Civil Rights Commission ( 1967- 1975). Researches also reveled that the academic system inside the US was thought of as being against the cultural traditions of the Mexican population. This led to negative effects including inferiority complexes amongst the Mexicans. There is no doubt in the fact that the eradication of a community’s traditions and customs is an abuse of the basic civil rights regarding the linguistic and cultural survival of a specific community. On the domestic level, the English Only amendment in the state of California was a triumph for those who support the use of English as an official language. It gave legal status to an issue that goes against biculturalism and bilingualism. During the period between 1986 and 1989, voters and legislators in thirty-nine states took into account plans analogous to the Californian amendment. This led to the appearance of 17 states with English as the official language. The English only third house had been succeeded in bringing bilingual education policy to the leading position of national debate, it includes questions, the approach of scientific teachings of bilingual education and it also contains a federal resolution in this could help English be official language of the United States. Law at the highest point of the great society, the bilingual education act was passed by congress and it was signed to become a law by President Johnson without saying a single word against it. Americans, have spent thirty years in discussing that what it meant to achieve. â€Å"Was this 1968 law intended primarily to assimilate limited-English-proficient (LEP) children more efficiently? To raise the self-esteem of minority students? To promote social equality? Or to pursue all of these goals simultaneously? The legislative history of the bill provides no definitive answer. † (Crawford, 50) Melting Pot Theory The discussion over, if the United States is an assimilationist or form a society embracing many minority groups and culture traditions which are very old. There were some exchanging of views forcefully that United States is a melting pot, which means that people of various nations settle in America and forced to resemble which means to become an American completely. â€Å"The March 14 to 16 poll of 1,007 likely voters with a margin of error of three percentage points showed that 63 percent of Americans would like to have ballots and voting materials only in English, compared with 35 percent who wanted them printed in English and other languages. † (Lawmakers Push Official English, A06) Because these declarations repeat the study of Myths of the Melting Pot, as well as spread throughout wrong ideas about languages which are mostly not challenged but nothing is supported by the record of history. In fact, history of the US language policy – or lack of one – both work at lower price than the logical basis for official English and provide warning lessons about teaching actions to restrict languages which are rarely use. 1. Unfavorable to myth, the United States has never been a basic speaking and/or using only one language country. By the period of time, one from eight of permanent inhabitants reported a languages background other than English in 1976, this is variety of nothing new but some skilled persons in languages or study of languages believe that the United States has been the habitant of more persons able to speak two languages than any other nation in the history of the world. As early as 1664, when the colony of the New Netherlands came into possession of British, eighteen different languages were spoken on Manhattan Island, not including the language spoken by the local inhabitants of America which were numbered more than five hundred in North America at the time. 2. Considering the US history, the prevailing federal policy on languages has only maintained tolerance and adjustments. In spite of the language variety in 1787, the famous took no interest to protect or encourage English: United States constituents. Because discussion were held in private and we must depend on James Madison’s informal notes, it is not clear, if any language issues came up during the federal agreement on social behavior in Philadelphia (Farrand 1913). But available facts strongly suggest that our early leaders regarded language laws of any type as a cause of harm to civil freedom from captivity. 3. Recognizing about rarely spoken languages reflected bilingual and non-English – language schools which were ordinary in many districts until the long time period of World War I. In 1710, British missionaries were invited to maintain schools among the Iroquois League of Ally States, with the demand that students should be informed or taught with their national languages. Parts of bible which were translated in Mohawk language were included in the texts used. In 1802, Congress began a yearly devotion of ($15,000) to encourage â€Å"civilization among the old inhabitants (before the arrival of colonists). † This money was devoted to religious schools in which many schools were bilingual. 4. The liberation policy on languages was the best and ideal policy for this country, but it is no upheld especially among people conquered and angry for supposed un-justice; people living in colonies and some racial people. Attitudes of the 19th centuries towards their right of language were considerably less tolerant than say towards speakers of German, French or Scandinavian languages Conclusion As written in this paper, there are many ways that lower class is being saved from being forgotten in the US. For his reason, it is important to be known by the mysterious ways in which this is happening. Language is another simple of making sure that the class’s position in society is prevailing. â€Å"English as the nation’s dominant language is no more threatened at the turn of the 21st century than it was at the turn of the 20th. To the contrary, it is all the other languages that are endangered – and would soon die out, if not for the replenishing effects of immigration. † (Official English/English Only, n. p. ) It has been as issue for decades that some influential groups/people have been trying to restrict other languages and promote English Language. On the other hand, this policy has not been accepted and approved by the majority of Americans as it is discriminatory. This idea is not hidden that making English as the US official language is the agenda of White Americans – it also unveils the approach of White American as they don’t want more immigrants from the third world countries. Works Cited Cornwell, Rupert. May 20, 2006. At last, America has an official language (and yes, it’s English) Independent, The (London) James Crawford. Language Politics in the U. S. A. : The Paradox of Bilingual Education. Journal Social Justice. Volume: 25. Issue: 3. Year: 1998. Page Number: 50 Maureen E. Harrop. Managing a Non-English-Speaking Workforce – Hispanic Americans – Brief Article – Statistical Data Included. Modern Machine Shop, Nov, 2001 http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3101/is_6_74/ai_79900955 Accessed, April 21, 2007 Lawmakers Push Official English; Bills Tied to Immigration Reform. The Washington Times. Publication Date: April 3, 2006. Page Number: A06. Official English/English Only . n. d. http://www. elladvocates. org/englishonly. html Accessed, April 21, 2007 David Penna and George W. Shepherd Jr. Racism and the Underclass: State Policy and Discrimination against Minorities. Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: New York. Year: 1991. Page Number: 145.

Gay Marriage Must Be Legal Essay - 1901 Words

Legal marriage is the right of all Americans regardless of their sexual orientation. Gay marriage is certainly a hot button issue. It invokes an emotional dialogue filled with passion, rage, hate and fear. However, at the base of it all, are two people who are in a committed relationship living normal and productive lives and contributing to society in a positive manner. This issue is being debated in every state of the union, and will eventually go to the Supreme Court. Gay people want to formalize their relationship and gain some of the legal standing and support that is given to heterosexual couples on a daily basis. Sadly, in most of this country, gay people are denied this right and not allowed to participate in what is a natural†¦show more content†¦The amendment imposed a special disability upon those persons alone. The only way homosexuals could obtain civil rights protection under Colorado law would be to convince enough citizens to vote to amend the state constitution. The kinds of protections that Amendment 2 would take away were those against exclusion from an almost limitless number of transactions and endeavors that constitute civic life in a free society.(Romer v. Evans. Wests Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Retrieved February 21, 2011 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437703853.html) Whereas, this ruling does nothing to insure the rights of gay people to marry, it goes a long way in aiding in the fact that denying the basic right to marry is basically unconstitutional in and of itself. Justice Andrews’ implies the decision to deny gay people the right to marry is the very basic fact on which I will base my argument: There is nothing â€Å"constitutional† about the denial of the right to marry. In fact, an examination of the both the pro and anti-gay marriage arguments will show that there are no reasonable grounds on which to deny people the right to marry (meaning that the anti-gay marriage contingent is rooting its logic in the personal biases of a large segment of public opinion). Those who argue against he right of gays and lesbians to marry want people to believe that by allowing gay marriage, the very foundation of our society will come crashing down aroundShow MoreRelatedWhy The Constitution Should Be Legal956 Words   |  4 PagesThe debate on whether the constitution should be changed to allow gays/lesbians legal status, whereby the partners are protected while in the institution of marriage is a heated debated which has been ongoing in many years. There are those states whereby the rights of gays/lesbians to have legal marriages have been recognized, but in most of the states their right to legal marriage have not been recognized. This essay looks at the reasons why the American constitution should be amended to ensureRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesShould gay marriage be legal? Gay marriage should be legal because as woman and man, all individuals have the same right in society; because same-sex couples can constitute a good based family; because it is just a way to make official a common union nowadays, even with the religious issue; because it is not related to polygamy; and because love matters and it does not differ in nature according to the sex of its object or the person who experiences it. The first reason why same sex marriageRead MoreEssay Gay Marriage Should Be Legal889 Words   |  4 PagesOn June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Should gay marriages really be allowed? Has the Supreme Court ruled in error? 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These two simple words have the power change lives in an instant. For most people, the phrase conjures up images of a man and a woman being joined in marriage. But for gays and lesbians, having the chance to legally say I do is a far-off dream, not a reality. In many European countries, marriages between same-sex couples are federally recognized, but unions of American homosexuals still go unrecognized by the United States government. Same-sexRead MoreHow My View on Gay Marriage Changed902 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"How My View on Gay Marriage Changed† At the time, gay marriage is a steaming hot topic of discussion in the United States. The right of marriage between man and man or woman and woman is one of the most controversial debates in the history of America. On several locations around the globe, fore an example in europe, gay marriage is a legal act. But should homosexuals have the same rights as â€Å"normal† people when it comes to marriage? 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Plenty of conservatives are completely against gay marriage; and many of liberals are fighting for equal treatment. The neo-Christian politicians are using religious arguments to establish that homosexuality is an abomination. While this may be their belief system, this country was founded on religious freedom, where the people are allowed to worship

An Extract From Fallen Soldiers Reshaping The Memory Of...

Source A An extract from Fallen Soldiers: Reshaping the Memory of the Wars, by George L. Mosse, published in 1990. Source B Soldiers in the trenches of Passchendaele, 1917 Source C Extract from a letter from British soldier, Robert Graves, to a friend, May 1915. Source D Extract from How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa by Joshua S. Goldstein, 2001 Source E Extract form the diary of Miss G.M West, a middle class woman who enrolled as a policewoman in 1916. Describe the early attitudes of British and German soldiers to the war. Use Source A and your own knowledge to answer this question. (4 marks) The early attitudes of British and German soldiers to the war were immensely supportive. Hundreds of thousands of men eagerly lined up at the enlistment offices in Britain to fight on the Western Front. As Source A outlines, this enthusiastic reaction was largely due to the ignorance of the British people who had little understanding of the nature of modern warfare. Furthermore, Source A describes the patriotism, search for purpose in life, love of adventure and ideas of masculinity that drove the eagerness of participation in the war. Similarly to Britain, there were high levels of enthusiasm towards the war throughout Germany, with many expecting a short adventure and rapid victory. The German men shared the same incentives to enlist as their British counterparts; peer pressure, desire to impress the ladies, honour,Show MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Import ant Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. 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This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval

Essay on Problems With Living Together Before Marriage

Kim has just signed her divorce papers and cannot hide the sadness and confusion she feels. Two years ago everyone told her living with her boyfriend was a great idea. They said she would be able to get to know him better and see if marriage would work. She trusted her friends and thought that since everyone else was doing it that it must be the wisest choice. What went wrong? Why was she unhappy with her marriage even after getting to know her husband through cohabitation? Would things have been different if she had not listened to her friends and everyone else around her? Couples are choosing to live together before marriage or instead of marriage more often as the years go by. Cohabitation outside of marriage results in an†¦show more content†¦Also â€Å"mom’s boyfriend† or â€Å"dad’s girlfriend† typically makes little effort to be involved with the lives of their significant other’s children. Even if they are involved with th e children it is difficult for children to have a parent figure that may leave at any time. Compared to married parents, parents that cohabit are more than twice as likely to break off the relationship leaving the children wondering if it was something they did wrong (Waite, 2000). Having adults walk in and out of their lives makes children have a hard time trusting people. Children benefit enormously from having healthy relationships with parents. Since many cohabiting homes do not provide this healthy relationship these children may develop behavioral problems. Children who grow up in a cohabiting home are more likely than their peers to have issues with school, suffer from depression, become pregnant as a teen, or use drugs (Kersten, 2013). These are serious problems that likely will affect the child’s whole life. Parents need to consider how their life choices impact not only them but also their children. Cohabiting has other implications for a household other than affecting children. Cohabitation results in couples have a hard time committing, which leads to less satisfaction in the relationship. A partner will not likely feel good about a relationship if their partner is not fully committed to them. Couples who cohabit haveShow MoreRelatedCohabitation1285 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Raema Miles ENC1101 (online) T. Thomas 11/22/2014 Word Count: 1131 Cohabitation Before Marriage is it Good or Bad? One significant increase in trends is living together before marriage which has created a new term called: Cohabitation. Cohabitation has become very popular among our society in the United States.   According to the latest data from the CDC, nearly half of American women aged 15-44 have lived with a partner sans wedding ring between 2006-2010, up from just 34 percent of women in 1995Read MoreCohabitation Is Defined As A Man And Woman Living1713 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Cohabitation is defined as a man and woman living in the same household and having sexual relations while not being married. There is relatively little data on health outcomes for people who have cohabitated, although there is some evidence that cohabitating couples have lower incomes (15% of cohabitating men are jobless while 8% of married men are jobless) and there may be negative academic effects for children of cohabitating mothers (Jay, 2012). Cohabitation rates are highest among thoseRead MoreShould Cohabitation Be Encouraged908 Words   |  4 Pagesin the Oxford Dictionary, cohabitation is the act of living in the same house together and having a sexual relationship without any commitments and marriage. In the last several decades, families have changed. Instead of getting married, many people are cohabitating or in simple words prefer living together. Some of these cohabitating couples finally get married. Most of them don’t last as they break up. Eventually very few couples stay together as cohabitants for long. Most couples cohabitates ratherRead Moreterm paper about living together before marriage1464 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿LIVING TOGETHER BEFORE MARRIAGE The human being and their society are always constant motion. In modern life, there are new tendencies which a lot of different than traditional countries appear. One of aspects changed quickly all over the world is love, marriage and family. A flower cannot without sunshine and man cannot live without love. (Max Muller) Love is a sacred and wonderful sentiment. In generation past, marriage and living together forever are a last destination of loveRead MoreThe History Of Marriage And How Marriage Evolved Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesBefore The Big I Do Most people do not think about the history of marriage and how marriage evolved. According to a Living Science article called, â€Å"History of Marriage: 13 Surprising Facts,† we used to live in a world where arranged alliances were how parents would marry their children off. The article states, â€Å"But early marriage was seen as a strategic alliance between families, with the youngsters often having no say in the matter. In some cultures, parents even married one child to the spiritRead MoreEssay about Divorce: A Problem in Our Society714 Words   |  3 PagesProblem in our Society One of the biggest problem people are facing today is divorce. The issue of divorce and increasing rates in the modern world is one of the most serious problem and social issues which influence people life to a great extent. Divorces are effecting on personal and social life very deeply. It causes stress and makes individual unsuccessful and changes lives. When parents get divorced they do not even think about what will happen with their children. Many students perform lowRead MoreEssay on Living Together Before Marriage961 Words   |  4 Pages Living Together Before Marriage As the rate of divorce soars and as increasing numbers of marriages disintegrate, living together has become the popular alternative to many people in north America. Expersts estimate that roughly 2.2 million people are currently sharing bed and board in a live-in arrangement, this is approximately 1% of the total population.(Family. Comptoms Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.) 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What is the informed response? Background- About a quarter of women move in with a romantic partner before the age of 20, and more women than ever live with a partner before they get married, according to a new report by the National Center forRead MoreCohabitation Before Marriage Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pagesoutside of marriage at least once in their lifetime. Bruce Wydick argued that, â€Å"cohabitation may be narrowly defined as an intimate sexual union between two unmarried partners who share the same living quarter for a sustained period of time’’ (2). In other words, people who want to experience what being in a relationship truly is, tend to live under one roof and be more familiar with one-another. Couples are on the right path to set a committed relationship where the discussion about marriage is considered

Affecting Many Countries Around The Globe †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Affecting Many Countries Around The Globe? Answer: Introduction The financial crisis that began with the bursting of US housing market lasted from December 2007 to June 2009 affecting many countries around the globe. It was the deepest economic downturn called The Great Recession. This was considered to be largest after the great depression caused by the sharp decline in economy. This phenomenon began after the U.S housing bubble resulting the mortgage backed securities and derivatives value was drastically lost. This was the longest recession after the world war II causing the destruction of nearly $20 trillion worth of financial assets owned by U.S. households. Due to such massive loss, there were major cutbacks in the spending of consumers that causes chaos in the financial market initiated by the bursting of the bubble which lead to declination of business investment. This crisis spread around the world as consumption and investment decreases in US leading to reduction in exports from other countries. As a result, GDP was reduced by 2% in 200 9.The US unemployment rate also increased from 4.7% to 10% which was a severe job loss. Due to job loss family incomes dropped and poverty raised. Causes of the Great recessions It is apparent that during this period the U.S government faced many challenges, the banks lost their wealth and were about to get bankrupt, public debt increased greatly, stock market crashed, people lost their jobs and there were instances when highly qualified professionals had to join underqualified jobs, the dollars rate fell, etc All these led to global financial crisis. The main causes of this recessions are discussed in brief: Housing Bubble: There was the boom in prices in housing due to the increasing demands, speculation and ebullience. This what gave rise to housing bubble which happens when the supply is limited. After the dotcom bubble, along with 2000 stock market crash there was this shift of dollars from the stock market to real state. Additionally, getting loans were relatively easier to neutralize the economic recession. The central banks along with other banks favoured the housing marketing for creating more wealth and giving a secured asset that people could borrow money to support the economy. There were loans of different nature such as interest only loans, zero down loans and interest adjustable loans all to make loans easily available to public. It is said that 56 percent of housing purchases in this period were made by the people who could not afford to buy in normal lending conditions. Fake subprime burrowers and people were changing homes to take advantage of the situation. With every single loan bank would readily securitize the loans and the move on the risk to other parties. Even the rating agencies would put AAA rating on these loans to attract the foreign investors. As a result, the amount of derivatives held by the financial institutions crashed and the total amount cash became lesser and lesser. In the period of 2003 to 2007 there was humongous increase in subprime loans to 292 %, 332 billion to 1.3 trillion (DeGrace, 2011). Great Moderation: During the span 2000 to 2007, the economy was stable, inflation rates were low and there were less number of unemployed people. The Federal bank were successful in maintain the low inflation rates which ensured stable economy. But there was growing instability in credit and financial markets. The effect of great moderation made the financial institutions to less worry about the riskiness of assets. Foreign institutions were not thinking much on investing on U.S mortgages thinking there were secured investment. Moreover, the truth was that these investments were made on duped foundations. As a result, when the market collapsed bank were left with heavy losses (Pettinger, 2013). Easy loans: In this period banks became more flexible in giving loans to the public. Mostly the American banks and mortgage companies went beyond their criteria while giving mortgages. They were not checking the paying capabilities of the people and were issuing large amount of mortgages. Afterwards the people were left with the mortgages they could not pay back. Repacking and reselling of bad loans: To ensure that they were not losing any money, the U.S bank sold these loans to the financial institutions of different countries. Those countries invested in these as they thought they are investment are secured. Decrease in liquidity of Banks: The volume of bank losses increased as it became difficult for the banks to borrow money on money market. This gave to a situation when banks decreased their loans and mortgages. They were losing wealth as it became very tough to get credit and liquidity. There were many instances when government had to bail out the banks. This ultimately lowered the confidence of investor and consumer which led to decrease in investment and spending. Low mortgage interest rates: The interest rates were relatively low during the subprime crises, a need of savings entering the Americas economy from countries like Japan and China assisted to keep the interest rate low. The investors from these countries always believed investing in securities which promised good returns with less risk. The foreign investors thought, these low risk securities can never collapse as the federal bank would will bail out before anything like that happens. Additionally, the credit rating agencies like Moodys and standard and poor gave favourable rating to these securities making the investor grow in confidence and they grew bolder kept on investing in mortgages backed by the wall street firms (Holt, 2009) Why the recession lasted this long: The great recession lasted so long because it was difficult for the people and financial institutions to invest seeing the condition of the market. If the markets performed smoothly then the interest rate would have fallen balancing the demand and supply and thereby reducing the unemployment rate. For this the interest rate have to be negative which is practically impossible as the nominal rate cannot fall below 0. As this happened, there has to be different solution to ball out from these situations to clear the debt market. That solution was the significant fall in output and income which permitted the debt market to clear by decreasing the saving as people didnt wanted to reduce their consumption. It can be explained by paradox of thrift. These fall in the output arisen from paradox of thrift lasts for long period of time. Economic implications: This recession can be viewed from new Keynesian model. This model provides a comparative study of great recession with two previous recession of 1990-91 and 2001. It draws as all these recessions revolved around aggregate demand and supply imbalances. The recent recession lasted longer than other two. The need of monetary policy for stabilizing the economy were blocked by the zero-lower bound on the nominal interest rate as it happened in the past in those recessions. In other scenario without this factor, the output could have been recovered sooner in less period of time (Ireland,2010). This model follows Canovas (2009) by applying a small-scale model which stresses on three main equations. They are the new Keynesian IS curve which describes the optimizing behaviour of house hold representative, the second being the new Keynesian Philips curve which describes the optimizing behaviour of monopolistically competing firms, which relates to the Taylor rule (1993) which states, how the central banks knowingly alter the short- term nominal interest rate by checking the movements of output and inflation. Similarly, the third factor being the empirical analysis which is in relation to the output, short term nominal interest rate and inflation. (Kirman,2011). This model concludes that it still serves as one of the most trusted and reliable tool for analysing the monetary policy and market analysis.The results drawn out from this models states that there is a dire need of analysing the monetary policy and business cycle in context of zero lower bound on the short-term nominal interest in this great recession of 2008 (Ireland,2010) Great recession and its impact on economics: This recession had tremendous impact on macroeconomics. Firstly, it led to reconsider the two theories which were not considered and secondly it made the economist to rethink about ways to find out means to study financial sector and macroeconomic theory together. The both of these theories are explained below in brief (Christiano,2017) Discredited paradigms: This brings the very traditional approach of macroeconomic paradigms explained by the IS-LM model or the Hicks- Hansen model. This model keeps the demand shocks of this nature of the business cycle fluctuations, at the core of its theory. The paradox of thrift also comes under the Hicks-Hansen model. his IS-LM paradigms, paradox of thrift along with point that a collective decision taken by the group of people could result in welfare reducing drop in output which was largely dis regarded by the macroeconomist till this period. Alternatively, its practically impossible to understand this great recession without the paradox of thrift concept and showing to the shocks of aggregate demand. As a result, it brought back the concept of IS-LM model and the New Keynesian Model. The concept of IS-LM model says that economy could crash at some point and needs government intervention to bring back the balance.This is the change in thinking of the economist of 1980 as many economists of that time believed the market adjust itself with time and government intervention is seldom needed. Incorporating the financial into macroeconomic theory: The was a believe that impact on financial sector had no effect on macroeconomics. In other words, what happens in financial markets stays on that market. This perception was backed by the past incidences which happened in 1987 and in the early 2000s, where there was no or zero effect on macroeconomics even the stock markets were highly volatile. But this perception died with this great recession. Due to this recession now the modern economist studies the financial sector along with the economic factors and its effects on the either sectors. This also gave rise to new models which included finance and the models which were successful by incorporating the financial factors as in the new Keynesian model which is explained above. In those models, banks finance studies long tern assets with the short-term liabilities. This discrepancy between the liabilities and assets explains that in real world financial institutions are vulnerable. The constant re modelling of these models is required to analyse the economic imbalance and implement steps that can predict and tackle economic downturns like this. Conclusion: This great recession had made us learn that monetary policy should be constantly reviewed and the central banks should keep a check and should mould the regulations according to the changing financial markets. The mortgages debt should be backed by security and bank should check the consumer ability whether they can repay their loans or not. This also made the foreign banking institutions learned the bitter lesson that they should not invest blindly.It also ended the conventional concepts of economics which neglected the financial markets from the economics. The government should forecast and intervene at the early stages so that situation like could be neutralised earlier rather than balling out at the later stage. References: Pettinger, T. (2017) The great recession, Economics Help. Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/7501/economics/the-great-recession/(accessed 11 September, 2017) Kirman, A. (2011) The crisis in Economic Theory. Available at: https://www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/docs/guesnerie-roger/kirman2011.pdf (accessed 11 September, 2017) UK Essays. (November 2013) Cause and Consequences of Great Recession Economics [online] Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/cause-and-consequences-of-great-recession-economics-essay.phps ( accessed 11 September, 2011). Holt, J. (2009) A summary of primary causes of the housing bubble and resulting credit crisis: A none Technical paper, The journal of Business Inquiry, volume (8) pp. 120-129. Available at: https://www.uvu.edu/woodbury/docs/summaryoftheprimarycauseofthehousingbubble.pdf (accessed 11 September, 2011). Christiano, L (2017) The Great Recession : A Management Earthquake, Economic Policy Paper. Available at: https://www.minneapolisfed.org/~/media/files/pubs/eppapers/17-1/the-great-recession-a-macroeconomic-earthquake.pdf (accessed 11 September, 2011). Ireland, P (2010) A New Keynesian Perspective on the Great Recession, Boston College, Department of Economics. Available at: https://fmwww.bc.edu/EC-P/wp735.pdf

Wuthering Heights By Bronte Essays (659 words) - British Films

Wuthering Heights By Bronte Character Heathcliff- this character is a genuinely evil person. He is dark and cruel. He is violently passionate, meaning he loves as strongly as he hates. He is a creature about whose past is unknown. A dark, dirty beggar, he was picked up on the Liverpool streets by Mr. Earnshaw and brought to the secluded part of the world known as the moors, where he has ample space to work out his destiny. He has a strong will and is steadfast. Most of the characters in this novel are masters of their fate. They know what they want and go after it. They overcome all obstacles to immerse themselves in love. The minor characters in this novel are interesting. They portray little barriers and problems for the major characters. Setting The setting of this novel is Yorkshire, England. This is a prime setting for the novel because of all of its romantic qualities. If this story were to be set in a very unromantic place, it would not have had the same effect. Physical elements are very important in such an emotional story such as ?Wuthering Heights'. Theme Wuthering Heights is a psychological study of a man torn between love and hate. The author raises such questions such as ?can love overcome hatred?' Emily Bronte heaves these mysterious questions that have plagued mankind for all of existence at the reader and makes him/her question their own values. The way she portrays this question is through Heathcliff. She allows the reader to witness evilness and love through a character. The reader gets to experience these emotions indirectly through the words and thoughts of a complicated man. After finishing this amazing story, the reader realizes that the author has worked her way into their mind and has planted a very important seed. Point of View The story is told through Nelly, who is the servant who has been a housekeeper both at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. She is a healthy, bustling, intelligent and thoroughly practical woman. The other narrator is Lockwood, who is a tenant at Thrushcross Grange at the beginning of Nelly's narration. He is a curious, mild and polite gentleman. The point of view switches between the two throughout the story. Style ?Heathcliff had knelt on one knee to embrace her; he attempted to rise, but she seized his hair, and kept him down. ?I wish I could hold you,' she continued bitterly, ?till we were both dead! I shouldn't care what you suffered. I care nothing for your sufferings. Why shouldn't you suffer? I do! Will you forget me? Will you be happy when I am in the earth? Will you say twenty years hence, ?That's the grave of Catherine Earnshaw. I loved her long ago and was wretched to lose her; but it is past. I've loved many others since: my children are dearer to me than she was; and at death, I shall not rejoice that I am going to her: I shall be sorry that I must leave them!? Will you say so Heathcliff?' ?Don't torture me till I am as mad as yourself,' cried he, wrenching his head free and grinding his teeth. The two, to a cool spectator, made a strange and fearful picture. Well might Catherine deem that heaven would be a land of exile to her, unless with her mortal body she cast away her moral character also. Her present countenance had a wild vindictiveness in its white cheek, and a bloodless lip and scintillating eye; and she retained in her closed fingers a portion of the locks she had been grasping. As to her companion, while raising himself with one hand, he had taken her arm with the other; and so inadequate was his stock of gentleness to the requirements of her condition, that on his letting go I saw four distinct impressions left blue in the colourless skin. ?Are you possessed with a devil,' he pursued savagely, ?to talk in that manner to me when you are dying? Do you reflect that all those words will be branded on my memory, and eating deeper eternally after you have left me?

Wuthering Heights By Bronte Essays (659 words) - British Films

Wuthering Heights By Bronte Character Heathcliff- this character is a genuinely evil person. He is dark and cruel. He is violently passionate, meaning he loves as strongly as he hates. He is a creature about whose past is unknown. A dark, dirty beggar, he was picked up on the Liverpool streets by Mr. Earnshaw and brought to the secluded part of the world known as the moors, where he has ample space to work out his destiny. He has a strong will and is steadfast. Most of the characters in this novel are masters of their fate. They know what they want and go after it. They overcome all obstacles to immerse themselves in love. The minor characters in this novel are interesting. They portray little barriers and problems for the major characters. Setting The setting of this novel is Yorkshire, England. This is a prime setting for the novel because of all of its romantic qualities. If this story were to be set in a very unromantic place, it would not have had the same effect. Physical elements are very important in such an emotional story such as ?Wuthering Heights'. Theme Wuthering Heights is a psychological study of a man torn between love and hate. The author raises such questions such as ?can love overcome hatred?' Emily Bronte heaves these mysterious questions that have plagued mankind for all of existence at the reader and makes him/her question their own values. The way she portrays this question is through Heathcliff. She allows the reader to witness evilness and love through a character. The reader gets to experience these emotions indirectly through the words and thoughts of a complicated man. After finishing this amazing story, the reader realizes that the author has worked her way into their mind and has planted a very important seed. Point of View The story is told through Nelly, who is the servant who has been a housekeeper both at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. She is a healthy, bustling, intelligent and thoroughly practical woman. The other narrator is Lockwood, who is a tenant at Thrushcross Grange at the beginning of Nelly's narration. He is a curious, mild and polite gentleman. The point of view switches between the two throughout the story. Style ?Heathcliff had knelt on one knee to embrace her; he attempted to rise, but she seized his hair, and kept him down. ?I wish I could hold you,' she continued bitterly, ?till we were both dead! I shouldn't care what you suffered. I care nothing for your sufferings. Why shouldn't you suffer? I do! Will you forget me? Will you be happy when I am in the earth? Will you say twenty years hence, ?That's the grave of Catherine Earnshaw. I loved her long ago and was wretched to lose her; but it is past. I've loved many others since: my children are dearer to me than she was; and at death, I shall not rejoice that I am going to her: I shall be sorry that I must leave them!? Will you say so Heathcliff?' ?Don't torture me till I am as mad as yourself,' cried he, wrenching his head free and grinding his teeth. The two, to a cool spectator, made a strange and fearful picture. Well might Catherine deem that heaven would be a land of exile to her, unless with her mortal body she cast away her moral character also. Her present countenance had a wild vindictiveness in its white cheek, and a bloodless lip and scintillating eye; and she retained in her closed fingers a portion of the locks she had been grasping. As to her companion, while raising himself with one hand, he had taken her arm with the other; and so inadequate was his stock of gentleness to the requirements of her condition, that on his letting go I saw four distinct impressions left blue in the colourless skin. ?Are you possessed with a devil,' he pursued savagely, ?to talk in that manner to me when you are dying? Do you reflect that all those words will be branded on my memory, and eating deeper eternally after you have left me?